Therapeutic Recreation

healing(predicate) Recreation is the conceptionful utilization or enhancement of vacuous time as a way to increase a persons overall wellness, well being, or quality of life. healing(predicate) Recreation computer programs for cordial illness may have seasonal classes in many beas that may overwhelm exercise, swim, adapted karate and crafts. Therapeutic digression programs atomic number 18 specifically designed for undivideds with disabilities. Groups ar usually small and the referenceicipant to staff ratio is appropriate to the needs of the group.The activities atomic number 18 planned to meet the interest of the participants and cover song tooth be singularized. In contrary communities there argon different things for wad with mental illness to do. In some community they n wiztheless have jobs people crapper do to get them back in the community and working. Lamar Missouri has loads of programs that put people that have mental illness in jobs. I have tear down talked to the double-decker for Mc Donald and he has put to work people with mental illness and he said to me they are the best dam workers I think I have.Even in Pittsburg Kansas they have programs to put clients into the work clothe and allow them make some money. Some people see working in society are jobs simply the clients see it as a way to get out of the house and they savour it to an completion I would say it is cheer. Some general divagation programs may be adapted to include a person with a disability using auxiliary aids and services, but the structure of the activity, group size of it and staff remains the same.Making it a little harder on the staff and the staff are not equal to(p) to provide one to one assistance or spareized support to an extent. Some places there are programs and activities that can suit all durations, interests, and skill dos. Activities include swimming classes, craft classes, trips, camps, childrens programs, special events, and vary offerings every season. One program I was reading about was dancing. It is for ages 15 and up with mental illness. You bound to a world of rhythm and engage in playful rhythmic movement for fitness and coordination.Includes commercial enterprise dances, circle dances, folk dances. Designed especially for teens, and adults with developmental disabilities, that one was for a person with senior high schooler gamingction. at that place are programs a person with lower functioning can dance to as well. You can claim that program and modify a little and make it for any one or any age very easily. The program I was reading made people pay for the programs but with some much(prenominal) modifications and some sponsors it could be all free. Some places they have ides facilitate the individuals with mental illness into programs at their resemblance recreation spirits, assuring that cities and parks and recreation programs are accessible and us sufficient by all citizens. cellu lar inclusion aides conduct assessments, develop cultures for participation, and provide necessary support, including increased supervision aims, adapting games and activities and training of recreation center staff, to ensure that the needs of the person with disabilities are being met.Volunteers are a very important part of the therapeutic recreation services program. In many areas there are a variety of inform opportunities are available for those ages thirteen and up including students needing service hours. I dont know if the program is in this area yet but there is a program Specialized Recreational curriculum Parenting with love and logic. This program is for parents, and teachers it is a user friendly and often highly successful program that is heavy wrapped in empathy but soles not shield children from consequences of their actions.It empowers children to solve their problems and help parents change their behaviors to relieve puree and pressure. Of course nothing work s all the time, but this anecdotal program and the expertise of your presenter will, in a safe and nonthreatening environment, invite you to change the only person you can change, yourself. I think that program would be great for parent that dont really know how to deal with their children or even the ones that think they do even if it dont work it still gave them a little much knowledge. It will give them another outlook on how to teach their child.Therapeutic RecreationTherapeutic recreation is a handling service designed to restore, remediate and rehabilitate a persons direct of functioning and independence in life. According to WHO- The world wellness organisation, health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase construe over, and to improve their health. wellness promotion represents a comprehensive friendly and governmental process, it not only embraces actions directed at strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals but also the action direct ed towards ever-changing the social, environmental and economic conditions.The Ottawa Charter identifies common chord basic strategies for health promotion. These advocacys for health to create the essential conditions for health indicated above enabling all people to contact their full potential, and mediating amongst the different interests in society in the pursuit of health. In order to promote healthy lifestyles in a population or an individual a number of perplexs have been created. For this study both the vacuous Ability gravel and the wellness trade protection/Health advancement regulate are being looked at and compared. The first of these models being looked at is the Health Protection/Health procession Model.This model, created by capital of Texas 1991, sees the purpose of therapeutic recreation as facilitating the client to recover following a threat to health such(prenominal) as drug addiction, alcohol addiction, psychiatric disorder etc, also known as health p rotection, and to achieve optimal health through health promotion. Hence for this reason this models chief aim is to use activity, recreation or leisure to help people to deal with problems that serve as barriers to health and assist them to endeavor for their highest directs of wellness, (Austin, 1997). There are four major concepts that underlie the Health Protection/ Health Promotion Model (HPHPM).These are the Humanistic Perspective, High-level Wellness, The Stabilisation and Actualisation Tendencies and Health. Humanistic Perspective- Those who embrace the human-centered scene believe that each of us has the responsibility for his/her own health and the capacity for making self-directed tonic choices about our own individual health status. Because an individual is responsible for their own health it is important to come on individuals to become involved in decision making and to gather maximum knowledge to improve their health.Austin encourages that the population are ac tive participants in the world, rather than passive puppets controlled by the environment. The humanistic opinion focuses on the positive image of what it means to be human. Human nature is viewed as basically good, and humanistic theorists focus on methods that allow fulfilment of an individuals potential. High-Level Wellness- The term high level wellness was first coined by Dr. Halbert Dunn in his book in 1961, he defined it as an structured method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable.Dunns concept of high level wellness is, like the humanistic perspective is a holistic approach that goes beyond the absence seizure of physical illness to include both psychological and environmental wellness. For this reason Austin surmises that high level wellness goes beyond traditional medicine and toward helping people to achieve as high a level of wellness as they are capable of achieving. Austin get ahead goes on to compare the similarities amidst high level wellness and therapeutic recreation as both have been heavily influenced by the humanistic perspective.Stabilisation and Actualisation Tendencies- These are two motivational forces which the Health Protection/ Health Promotion Model are based on. Stabilising tendencies helps to maintain a steady state of an individual. It looks at care the stress levels of an individuals life at a maintainable level and not to let the stressors in a persons life to spiral out of control leading to health risk behaviour (HRB), hence for this reason stabilization tendencies is the driving force behind Health Protection.The recognition tendency drives a person towards health promotion which focuses on achieving an individuals high level of wellness. Health- health is the final underlying concept of The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model. The ultimate goal of this concept is to help a client to strive toward health promotion. Penders (1996) definition of health incorporates stabilisation and actualisation tendencies, therefore interlinking health with the previous underlying concept of the model.For this reason healthy people can cope with lifes stressors and encourages clients to optimise their own health rather than improving their health just to recover form illness. Austin (1997) believes that those who enjoy health have the opportunity to pursue the highest levels of person-to-person growth and development. Having looked at the underlying concepts of the model there are three broad areas of a continuum to be understood in order to design a therapeutic recreation program for any client. These are i. Prescriptive activities When clients initially encounter illnesses or disorders, often they become self-absorbed.The therapeutic recreation personnel, at this coiffe of the continuum must provide direction and structure to the client as means of an intervention due to a feeling of helplessness that can ultimately produce severe depression . ii. Recreation Through recreation, clients begin to come up their equilibrium disrupted by stressors so that they may once again resume their quest for actualization. They pip part in intrinsically motivated recreation experiences that produce a sense of mastery and achievement within a supportive and nonthreatening atmosphere.Mutual participation on behalf of the client and the TRP occurs and the client begins to have fun and find new ways to interact with others. iii. Leisure This is a means to self-actualization because it allows people to have self-determined opportunities to blow a fuse themselves by successfully using their abilities to meet challenges. This salute is based on The Leisure Ability Model whereby they look at leisure unsocial as a means of therapeutic recreation. At this stage of the continuum, clients assume primary responsibility for their own health.So from looking this model ultimately it can be said that health and actualization are intimately intert wined. The attainment of high level wellness permits actualization. Those who enjoy peak health are free of barriers to actualization so that they may actively pursue ain growth and development. When clients are initially taking part in a program based on this model they have a learned helplessness and take a lack of responsibility but as they move down the continuum they assume primary responsibility for themselves. The Leisure Ability Model.The second model being discussed is The Leisure Ability Model. The Leisure Ability Model (LAM) which was draw up by Peterson and Gunne in 1984 focuses on leisure as a prevention of illness rather than the use of medication. This model can be used hand in hand with The HPHPM or can be used alone when designing a therapeutic recreation program to demote a health risk behaviour. Peterson and Gunne, when designing this model thought that recreation and leisure are necessary experiences that all people should enjoy and take part in, including thos e with limitations or disabilities both physical and mental.The purpose of the model is therefore to facilitate the development, maintenance and scene of an appropriate leisure lifestyle for individuals or groups with physical, emotional, mental or social limitations. The LAM offers an alternative to more traditional medical models for those with special needs. The Leisure Ability Model was constructed with the belief that the end product of therapeutic recreation services for clients was improved independent and satisfying leisure functioning, also referred to as a leisure lifestyle (Peterson, 1981, 1989 Peterson & Gunn, 1984).Similar to the HPHPM, the Leisure ability model also has a number of underlying concepts, these include Learned Helplessness, Intrinsic motivation, internal locus of control, and causal attribution, Choice and finally Flow. Learned Helplessness- Many individuals with disabilities and/ or illnesses experience learned helplessness. This could be learned during childhood when others did things for the individual, or through repeated exposure to settings where one learned to become a passive patient upon whom procedures were performed according to a routine.Learned helplessness robs the individual of a sense of mastery and self-determination but is also beyond that individuals control. later on having experienced life so far as helplessness in one leisure activity, a person may firmly believe that he or she is abnormal, inadequate, and lacks basic skills in that activity. As a consequence, the person believes that they are handicapped to participate in this activity and this belief may then reason to personal performance in other areas of leisure behaviour.Iso-Ahola (1980) reports that there are three consequences of learned helplessness, these are i. A lack of internal motivation to escape the conditions which lead to the state of helplessness. ii. A lack of cognitive understanding of personal effectiveness, iii. A heightened state of e motionality. Intrinsic motivation, internal locus of control and causal attribution- The three concepts of intrinsic motivation, locus of control and personal attribution are intricately linked, and help to explain the primer coat for the provision of therapeutic recreation services.All individuals are intrinsically motivated towards behaviour in which they can experience competence and self-determination. This process is continual and through skill acquisition and mastery, produces feelings of satisfaction, competence, and control. An internal locus of control implies that the individual takes responsible for the behaviour and consequences which may occur from the behaviour. The opposite of this is external locus of behaviour i. e. sledding others take the blame for your own mistakes.Personal attribution implies that the individual accepts that they can affect the outcome of a situation, they can make a decision that matters somehow to something. Without a sense of personal causa tion, the likelihood of the individual developing learned helplessness (the feeling that external others are in control) increases greatly. Choice- The Leisure Ability Model also relies heavily on the concept of choice. Choice implies that the individual has the knowledge, skills and attitudes which facilitate choice and the desire to choose.This suggests liberty, freedom from constraints and freedom to exercise an option to an individual that initially felt restricted. The Leisure Ability Model emphasizes glut areas that help clients build skills in a variety of areas which, in turn, should allow them options for future independent leisure functioning. Flow- A fourth, closely related concept is that of flow (Csikszentmihalyi 1990). Flow suggests a state of balance wheel between skill level and activity challenge which leads to a level of concentration and energy expenditure which is entrancing or consummating in form.When skill level is high and activity challenge is low, the i ndividual is quite probable to be bored. When the skill level is low and the activity challenge is high, the individual is most likely to be anxious leading to an uneven flow. A therapeutic recreation personnel must attempt to balance both to keep flow. These areas of understanding are important for the therapeutic recreation personnel to be able to design a series of coherent, organized programs that meet client needs and move the client further toward an independent and satisfactory leisure lifestyle.The Leisure Ability Model contains three major categories of service treatment or rehabilitation which is directed towards therapy and/or rehabilitation, leisure education revolves around the development of activity skills and social interaction skills as well as issues for leisure counselling, and special recreation which involves the provision of recreation programs for members of special groups such as autism or down syndrome.Each of these three service areas is based on unambigu ous client needs and has specific purposes, expected behaviour of clients, roles of the specialist, and targeted client outcomes. As with The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model these service areas operate along a continuum. The clients role in special recreation programs includes greater decision making and increased self-regulated behaviour. As with the HPHPM the client has increased freedom of choice and his or her motivation is largely intrinsic without the dictatorship of a TRP.In conclusion, from having looked at and critically compared and evaluated both The Health Protection/Health Promotion Models and The Leisure Ability, The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model appears to be an extension of The Leisure Ability Model. The Leisure Ability Models ultimate goal is leisure compared to The Health Protection/Health Promotion Model uses leisure as the final means towards its ultimate goal of optimal health. When designing a therapeutic recreation program, the therapeutic recreation personnel may go back and forth between the models in order for the program to be client specific.